Following the recent escalation of violence between Israel and Lebanon - the most significant since the 2006 War - a ceasefire was implemented on November 27, 2024. Between October 2023 and November 2024, over 14,800 attacks have been exchanged between Israel, Hezbollah, and other armed groups, causing widespread destruction and thousands of casualties. The ceasefire was initially set for two months and extended until February 18, 2025, through U.S. mediation. However, by the end of January, the military of Israel had not withdrawn from southern Lebanon, leaving over sixty villages under access restrictions due to continued military presence (ACLED accessed on 31/01/2025, Axios 26/01/2025, OCHA 06/01/2025, OCHA 01/10/2024).
Despite reduced hostilities, ceasefire violations, airstrikes, and unexploded ordnance continue to endanger communities, particularly in the areas of South Lebanon, Bekaa, Baalbek, and Beirut. The crisis has deepened existing vulnerabilities, worsening economic and food insecurity, increasing school dropouts, and contributing to a growing mental health crisis. While the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has dropped from nearly 900,000 to just over 110,000 by January 2025, many returnees face extensive damage to essential infrastructure and residential buildings (OCHA 26/01/2025, IOM 15/01/2025).
Funded by the H2H Network, this report provides a comprehensive analysis of Lebanon's humanitarian situation, including the conflict's impact on civilians. It examines the evolving living conditions of displaced and vulnerable populations since the ceasefire, identifying emerging trends and ongoing challenges compared to pre-ceasefire conditions. This includes a detailed analysis of humanitarian sectors and an examination of the operational environment (humanitarian access, levels of displacement, etc.).
